Osteoarthritis: Glucosamine Sulphate Iontophoresis and Exercise Therapy: Interactions with Glucose, Pain and Flexibility

It had been established that exercise therapy depletes glucose availability but it is not known if glucosamine sulphate administration via iontophoresis will contrarily raise the glucose level. Pain and loss of hamstring flexibility are associated with osteoarthritis. This book showed that glucosamine sulphate iontophoresis application did not raise the fasting blood sugar after exercise had been used to deplete the glucose level. Also, it was concluded that combination of glucosamine sulphate iontophoresis with exercise therapy, glucosamine sulphate iontophoresis alone and exercise therapy alone had immediate lowering effect on pains. Similarly, the interventions excluding glucosamine sulphate iontophoresis alone can be used to improve hamstring flexibility of knee osteoarthritic subjects.